million years plants

Evolution of Seed Plants – Biology 2e

Evolution of Gymnosperms. The fossil plant Elkinsia polymorpha, a "seed fern" from the Devonian period—about 400 million years ago—is considered the earliest seed plant known to date.Seed ferns produced their seeds along their branches, in structures called cupules that enclosed and protected the ovule—the gametophyte and associated tissues—which develops into a seed upon Get price

Hummingbird Evolution: 50 Million Years and Still Buzzing

Evolution is an ongoing process, not just something that happened long ago. Hummingbirds will continue to co-evolve with plants and become ever more flamboyant through sexual selection. Although the speciation boom of 22 million years ago is long over, it's nice Get price

Endophytic fungal diversity: review of traditional and

Endophytic fungi have been associated with plants for over 400 million years (Krings et al. 2007), and have been widely studied in various geographical and climatic zones. They are ubiquitous and occur within all known plants, including a broad range of host orders, families, genera and species, in ecosystems as diverse as mosses Get price

Fossilized Cannabis Reveals The Plant is 27.8 Million

Jun 17, 2019Researchers dated the pollen at 19.6 million years old. But with cannabis diverging 27.8 million years ago, this date wasn't close enough. Further research of the region and tracking of a plant called Artemisia, which has a close alliance and parallel evolutionary pattern to cannabis, pinpointed the northeastern Tibetan Plateau as the Get price

Pleistocene Epoch

The most significant biological development was the appearance and evolution of the genus Homo.The oldest species, H. habilis, probably evolved from an australopithecine ancestor in the late Pliocene.The species was present in Africa by 2 million years ago and is known from sites as young as 1.5 million years Get price

MADS

However, only for a minority of genes is the function defined by a mutant phenotype. In the other key taxa of land plants (gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes), the sampling of MADS-box genes is far less complete (Theien et al. 2000). Nevertheless, some key insights into the phylogeny of plant MADS-box genes have already been obtained. Get price

The Age of Oxygen

As plants became firmly established on land, life once again had a major effect on Earth's atmosphere during the Carboniferous Period. Oxygen made up 20 percent of the atmosphere—about today's level—around 350 million years ago, and it rose to as much as 35 percent over the next 50 million years. Get price

Genomic Plasticity and the Diversity of Polyploid Plants

Apr 25, 2008For example, the polyploid Arabidopsis suecica is considered to have formed from "diploid" parents circa (ca.) 12,000 to 300,000 years ago, whereas each of the parental genomes retain evidence of more ancient duplications estimated to have arisen ca. 101 to 168 million years ago (Ma), 66 to 109 Ma, and 24 to 40 Ma . Polyploidy often occurs Get price

Origin and Radiation of the Earliest Vascular Land Plants

Apr 17, 2009Colonization of the land by plants most likely occurred in a stepwise fashion starting in the Mid-Ordovician. The earliest flora of bryophyte-like plants appears to have been cosmopolitan and dominated the planet, relatively unchanged, for some 30 million years. It is represented by fossilized dispersed cryptospores and fragmentary plant remains. Get price

Pangea: The Supercontinent

Jan 11, 2018Pangea is a supercontinent that existed from 335 to 175 million years ago, it was the most recent supercontinent as tectonic plates reorganized to form one giant landmass. When you picture the Earth in your mind you might picture the Earth as a globe with the 7 continents surrounded by lots of pretty blue water. Get price

Mass Extinction Events

The Permian Extinction happened about 251 million years ago and was earth's worst mass extinction. 95 percent of all species, 84 percent of marine species, and an estimated 70 percent of land species such as plants, insects and vertebrate animals, were doomed during this catastrophe. Direct extinction evidence for this period has not been found Get price

How did the earth look 5 million years ago?

Jul 19, 2018You must be asking about climate. The northern hemisphere was still warm enough not to be frozen in summer. The southern hemisphere is now thought to have frozen after 23 million years ago. The reason for the difference is given as the South pole Get price

The Origin of Plants

Apr 05, 2007The first fossils of plants are supposed to be 475 million years old. Evolutionists generally agree that plants evolved from algae that slowly began to colonize the land. This could not have occurred until after there was an intact ozone layer to protect the plants from some of the atmosphere's harmful UV rays. Get price

Oldest plant region on Earth 'dates back 30 million years'

The diversity of plants in the region today can be traced back to newly-formed mountain ranges 30 million years ago and later monsoons, plant DNA reveals. When the Indian tectonic plate slammed into Asia around 40 million years ago, the effect on biodiversity was like 'pouring over jet fuel', due to new weather conditions. Get price

OsKNAT7 Bridges Secondary Cell Wall

Secondary cell walls originated when vascular plants appeared on land around 430 million years ago (Zhong et al., 2010). They provide rigidity to the upright plant body, enable water and nutrient transport through vascular tissues, and protect cells from microbial infection. Get price

8 Oldest Plants in the World

Jul 14, 2014king-protea-protea-cynaroides.jpg. Plants in this family are found in South America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Some of these plants' ancestors date back 65 million years to when South Africa was a tropical forest. Buy protea seeds online. Get price

OsKNAT7 Bridges Secondary Cell Wall

Secondary cell walls originated when vascular plants appeared on land around 430 million years ago (Zhong et al., 2010). They provide rigidity to the upright plant body, enable water and nutrient transport through vascular tissues, and protect cells from microbial infection. Get price

What did Ancient Earth Look Like

Apr 05, 2018The latter half of Cambrian was surprisingly barren and show evidence of several rapid extinction events. About 515 million years ago, the number of species going extinct exceeded the number of new species appearing. Five million years later, the number of general had dropped from an earlier peak of about 600 to just 450. Get price

The Late Cretaceous World 70 million years ago

The Late Cretaceous World 70 million years ago $ 3.88. Map Code: Ax00857. The climate had cooled appreciably since the early Cretaceous, marked by the spread of flowering plants and deciduous forest. Dinosaurs remained the dominant life forms on land, sea and in the skies, but their sudden extinction was on the horizon. Get price

10 Oldest Species in the World

These plants are over 300 million years old and form a majority of the understory of the late Paleozoic forests. Ancient horsetails dominated the land for more than 100 million years and could grow as tall as 30 meters (98.4 feet). Today's horsetails are much smaller, but still reproduce by spreading spores instead of seeds, like their Get price

Cambrian Period

Cambrian Period, earliest time division of the Paleozoic Era and Phanerozoic Eon, lasting from 541 million to 485.4 million years ago. The Cambrian System, named by English geologist Adam Sedgwick for slaty rocks in southern Wales and southwestern England, contains the earliest record of abundant and varied life-forms. Get price

Plants I

Plants with vascular tissue do not appear in the fossil record until approximately 425 million years ago, well after the origin of land plants. After this date there was an explosion of plant life, indicating that vascular tissue is a highly successful adaptation to life on land. Get price

Mass Extinction Events

The Permian Extinction happened about 251 million years ago and was earth's worst mass extinction. 95 percent of all species, 84 percent of marine species, and an estimated 70 percent of land species such as plants, insects and vertebrate animals, were doomed during this catastrophe. Direct extinction evidence for this period has not been found Get price

PALEOZOIC ERA, the true origin of life

Cambrian is the first Period of the Paleozoic Era, where animal life begins, but not plant life. It took a few million years before the first terrestrial plants appeared. From Cambrian Period is also a small animal, the Haikouichthys. This small animal, which barely reached 2.5 cm in length, is the common ancestor of all current vertebrates. Get price

An evolutionary and cultural biography of ginkgo

Ginkgo is also a living link to diverse seed plants that flourished over 100 million years ago. With recent discoveries of extinct fossil ginkgo relatives, and the recent draft sequence of its genome, ginkgo offers opportunities to increase public understanding of plant science and the importance of plant conservation. Get price